我们来了解一下 Dapr 的 Actors 构建模块。在这个快速入门中,您将运行一个智能设备微服务和一个简单的控制台客户端,以演示 Dapr Actors 中的有状态对象模式。
目前,您可以通过 .NET SDK 体验这个 actors 快速入门。
以下是 .NET actors 快速入门的简要概述:
SmartDevice.Service
微服务,您将托管:SmokeDetectorActor
烟雾报警对象ControllerActor
对象,用于指挥和控制智能设备SmartDevice.Client
控制台应用程序,客户端应用程序与每个 actor 或控制器交互,以执行聚合操作。SmartDevice.Interfaces
包含服务和客户端应用程序使用的共享接口和数据类型。对于这个示例,您将需要:
注意: .NET 6 是此版本中 Dapr .NET SDK 包的最低支持版本。只有 .NET 8 和 .NET 9 将在 Dapr v1.16 及更高版本中得到支持。
git clone https://github.com/dapr/quickstarts.git
在一个新的终端窗口中,导航到 actors/csharp/sdk/service
目录并恢复依赖项:
cd actors/csharp/sdk/service
dotnet build
运行 SmartDevice.Service
,这将启动服务本身和 Dapr 边车:
dapr run --app-id actorservice --app-port 5001 --dapr-http-port 3500 --resources-path ../../../resources -- dotnet run --urls=http://localhost:5001/
预期输出:
== APP == info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Diagnostics[1]
== APP == Request starting HTTP/1.1 GET http://127.0.0.1:5001/healthz - -
== APP == info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.EndpointMiddleware[0]
== APP == Executing endpoint 'Dapr Actors Health Check'
== APP == info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.EndpointMiddleware[1]
== APP == Executed endpoint 'Dapr Actors Health Check'
== APP == info: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Diagnostics[2]
== APP == Request finished HTTP/1.1 GET http://127.0.0.1:5001/healthz - - - 200 - text/plain 5.2599ms
在一个新的终端实例中,导航到 actors/csharp/sdk/client
目录并安装依赖项:
cd ./actors/csharp/sdk/client
dotnet build
运行 SmartDevice.Client
应用程序:
dapr run --app-id actorclient -- dotnet run
预期输出:
== APP == Startup up...
== APP == Calling SetDataAsync on SmokeDetectorActor:1...
== APP == Got response: Success
== APP == Calling GetDataAsync on SmokeDetectorActor:1...
== APP == Device 1 state: Location: First Floor, Status: Ready
== APP == Calling SetDataAsync on SmokeDetectorActor:2...
== APP == Got response: Success
== APP == Calling GetDataAsync on SmokeDetectorActor:2...
== APP == Device 2 state: Location: Second Floor, Status: Ready
== APP == Registering the IDs of both Devices...
== APP == Registered devices: 1, 2
== APP == Detecting smoke on Device 1...
== APP == Device 1 state: Location: First Floor, Status: Alarm
== APP == Device 2 state: Location: Second Floor, Status: Alarm
== APP == Sleeping for 16 seconds before checking status again to see reminders fire and clear alarms
== APP == Device 1 state: Location: First Floor, Status: Ready
== APP == Device 2 state: Location: Second Floor, Status: Ready
如果您在本地机器上为 Dapr 配置了 Zipkin,您可以在 Zipkin Web UI 中查看 actor 与客户端的交互(通常在 http://localhost:9411/zipkin/
)。
当您运行客户端应用程序时,发生了一些事情:
两个 SmokeDetectorActor
actors 在 客户端应用程序中创建 并使用对象状态初始化:
ActorProxy.Create<ISmartDevice>(actorId, actorType)
proxySmartDevice.SetDataAsync(data)
这些对象是可重入的并持有状态,如 proxySmartDevice.GetDataAsync()
所示。
// Actor Ids 和类型
var deviceId1 = "1";
var deviceId2 = "2";
var smokeDetectorActorType = "SmokeDetectorActor";
var controllerActorType = "ControllerActor";
Console.WriteLine("Startup up...");
// ActorId 唯一标识第一个设备的第一个 actor 实例
var deviceActorId1 = new ActorId(deviceId1);
// 创建将存储在第一个 actor 中的数据类的新实例
var deviceData1 = new SmartDeviceData(){
Location = "First Floor",
Status = "Ready",
};
// 使用服务实现的相同接口创建本地代理。
var proxySmartDevice1 = ActorProxy.Create<ISmartDevice>(deviceActorId1, smokeDetectorActorType);
// 现在您可以使用 actor 接口调用 actor 的方法。
Console.WriteLine($"Calling SetDataAsync on {smokeDetectorActorType}:{deviceActorId1}...");
var setDataResponse1 = await proxySmartDevice1.SetDataAsync(deviceData1);
Console.WriteLine($"Got response: {setDataResponse1}");
Console.WriteLine($"Calling GetDataAsync on {smokeDetectorActorType}:{deviceActorId1}...");
var storedDeviceData1 = await proxySmartDevice1.GetDataAsync();
Console.WriteLine($"Device 1 state: {storedDeviceData1}");
// 为第二个设备创建第二个 actor
var deviceActorId2 = new ActorId(deviceId2);
// 创建将存储在第一个 actor 中的数据类的新实例
var deviceData2 = new SmartDeviceData(){
Location = "Second Floor",
Status = "Ready",
};
// 使用服务实现的相同接口创建本地代理。
var proxySmartDevice2 = ActorProxy.Create<ISmartDevice>(deviceActorId2, smokeDetectorActorType);
// 现在您可以使用 actor 接口调用第二个 actor 的方法。
Console.WriteLine($"Calling SetDataAsync on {smokeDetectorActorType}:{deviceActorId2}...");
var setDataResponse2 = await proxySmartDevice2.SetDataAsync(deviceData2);
Console.WriteLine($"Got response: {setDataResponse2}");
Console.WriteLine($"Calling GetDataAsync on {smokeDetectorActorType}:{deviceActorId2}...");
var storedDeviceData2 = await proxySmartDevice2.GetDataAsync();
Console.WriteLine($"Device 2 state: {storedDeviceData2}");
SmokeDetectorActor 1
的 DetectSmokeAsync
方法被调用。
public async Task DetectSmokeAsync()
{
var controllerActorId = new ActorId("controller");
var controllerActorType = "ControllerActor";
var controllerProxy = ProxyFactory.CreateActorProxy<IController>(controllerActorId, controllerActorType);
await controllerProxy.TriggerAlarmForAllDetectors();
}
ControllerActor
的 TriggerAlarmForAllDetectors
方法被调用。当检测到烟雾时,ControllerActor
内部触发所有警报
public async Task TriggerAlarmForAllDetectors()
{
var deviceIds = await ListRegisteredDeviceIdsAsync();
foreach (var deviceId in deviceIds)
{
var actorId = new ActorId(deviceId);
var proxySmartDevice = ProxyFactory.CreateActorProxy<ISmartDevice>(actorId, "SmokeDetectorActor");
await proxySmartDevice.SoundAlarm();
}
// 注册一个提醒,每 15 秒刷新并清除警报状态
await this.RegisterReminderAsync("AlarmRefreshReminder", null, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15));
}
控制台 打印一条消息,指示检测到烟雾。
// 在设备 1 上检测到烟雾,触发所有设备的警报。
Console.WriteLine($"Detecting smoke on Device 1...");
proxySmartDevice1 = ActorProxy.Create<ISmartDevice>(deviceActorId1, smokeDetectorActorType);
await proxySmartDevice1.DetectSmokeAsync();
SmokeDetectorActor 1
和 2
的 SoundAlarm
方法 被调用。
storedDeviceData1 = await proxySmartDevice1.GetDataAsync();
Console.WriteLine($"Device 1 state: {storedDeviceData1}");
storedDeviceData2 = await proxySmartDevice2.GetDataAsync();
Console.WriteLine($"Device 2 state: {storedDeviceData2}");
ControllerActor
还使用 RegisterReminderAsync
创建一个持久提醒,在 15 秒后调用 ClearAlarm
。
// 注册一个提醒,每 15 秒刷新并清除警报状态
await this.RegisterReminderAsync("AlarmRefreshReminder", null, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15));
要了解示例的完整上下文,请查看以下代码:
SmokeDetectorActor.cs
:实现智能设备 actorsControllerActor.cs
:实现管理所有设备的控制器 actorISmartDevice
:每个 SmokeDetectorActor
的方法定义和共享数据类型IController
:ControllerActor
的方法定义和共享数据类型我们正在不断努力改进我们的快速入门示例,并重视您的反馈。您觉得这个快速入门有帮助吗?您有改进的建议吗?
加入我们的 discord 频道 讨论。
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