Quickstart: Publish and Subscribe

Get started with Dapr’s Publish and Subscribe building block

Let’s take a look at Dapr’s Publish and Subscribe (Pub/sub) building block. In this Quickstart, you will run a publisher microservice and a subscriber microservice to demonstrate how Dapr enables a Pub/sub pattern.

Using a publisher service, developers can repeatedly publish messages to a topic.
A Pub/sub component queues or brokers those messages. Our example below uses Redis, you can use RabbitMQ, Kafka, etc.
The subscriber to that topic pulls messages from the queue and processes them.

You can try out this pub/sub quickstart by either:

Run using Multi-App Run

Select your preferred language-specific Dapr SDK before proceeding with the Quickstart.

Step 1: Pre-requisites

For this example, you will need:

Docker Desktop

Step 2: Set up the environment

Clone the sample provided in the Quickstarts repo.

git clone https://github.com/dapr/quickstarts.git

From the root of the Quickstarts directory, navigate into the pub/sub directory:

cd pub_sub/python/sdk

Install the dependencies for the order-processor and checkout apps:

cd ./checkout
pip3 install -r requirements.txt
cd ..
cd ./order-processor
pip3 install -r requirements.txt
cd ..
cd ./order-processor-fastapi
pip3 install -r requirements.txt
cd ..

Step 3: Run the publisher and subscriber

With the following command, simultaneously run the following services alongside their own Dapr sidecars:

The order-processor subscriber
The checkout publisher

dapr run -f .

Note: Since Python3.exe is not defined in Windows, you may need to change python3 to python in the dapr.yaml file before running dapr run -f .

Expected output

== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 1 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 1 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 2 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 2 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 3 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 3 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 4 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 4 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 5 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 5 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 6 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 6 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 7 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 7 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 8 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 8 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 9 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 9 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 10 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 10 }
Exited App successfully

What happened?

When you ran dapr init during Dapr install, the following YAML files were generated in the .dapr/components directory:

Running dapr run -f . in this Quickstart started both the subscriber and publisher applications.

`dapr.yaml` Multi-App Run template file

Running the Multi-App Run template file with dapr run -f . starts all applications in your project. In this Quickstart, the dapr.yaml file contains the following:

version: 1
common:
  resourcesPath: ../../components/
apps:
  - appID: order-processor-sdk
    appDirPath: ./order-processor/
    appPort: 6001
    command: ["uvicorn", "app:app"]
  - appID: checkout-sdk
    appDirPath: ./checkout/
    command: ["python3", "app.py"]

`pubsub.yaml` component file

With the pubsub.yaml component, you can easily swap out underlying components without application code changes.

The Redis pubsub.yaml file included for this Quickstart contains the following:

apiVersion: dapr.io/v1alpha1
kind: Component
metadata:
  name: orderpubsub
spec:
  type: pubsub.redis
  version: v1
  metadata:
  - name: redisHost
    value: localhost:6379
  - name: redisPassword
    value: ""

In the component YAML file:

metadata/name is how your application talks to the component.
spec/metadata defines the connection to the instance of the component.
scopes specify which application can use the component.

`order-processor` subscriber

In the order-processor subscriber, you subscribe to the Redis instance called orderpubsub (as defined in the pubsub.yaml component) and topic orders. This enables your app code to talk to the Redis component instance through the Dapr sidecar.

# Register Dapr pub/sub subscriptions
@app.route('/dapr/subscribe', methods=['GET'])
def subscribe():
    subscriptions = [{
        'pubsubname': 'orderpubsub',
        'topic': 'orders',
        'route': 'orders'
    }]
    print('Dapr pub/sub is subscribed to: ' + json.dumps(subscriptions))
    return jsonify(subscriptions)


# Dapr subscription in /dapr/subscribe sets up this route
@app.route('/orders', methods=['POST'])
def orders_subscriber():
    event = from_http(request.headers, request.get_data())
    print('Subscriber received : ' + event.data['orderid'], flush=True)
    return json.dumps({'success': True}), 200, {
        'ContentType': 'application/json'}


app.run(port=5001)

`checkout` publisher

In the checkout publisher, you publish the orderId message to the Redis instance called orderpubsub (as defined in the pubsub.yaml component) and topic orders. As soon as the service starts, it publishes in a loop:

with DaprClient() as client:
    # Publish an event/message using Dapr PubSub
    result = client.publish_event(
        pubsub_name='orderpubsub',
        topic_name='orders',
        data=json.dumps(order),
        data_content_type='application/json',
    )

Step 1: Pre-requisites

For this example, you will need:

Docker Desktop

Step 2: Set up the environment

Clone the sample provided in the Quickstarts repo.

git clone https://github.com/dapr/quickstarts.git

From the root of the Quickstarts directory, navigate into the pub/sub directory:

cd pub_sub/javascript/sdk

Install the dependencies for the order-processor and checkout apps:

cd ./order-processor
npm install
cd ..
cd ./checkout
npm install
cd ..

Step 3: Run the publisher and subscriber

With the following command, simultaneously run the following services alongside their own Dapr sidecars:

The order-processor subscriber
The checkout publisher

dapr run -f .

Expected output

== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 1 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 1 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 2 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 2 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 3 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 3 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 4 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 4 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 5 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 5 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 6 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 6 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 7 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 7 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 8 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 8 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 9 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 9 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 10 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 10 }
Exited App successfully

What happened?

When you ran dapr init during Dapr install, the following YAML files were generated in the .dapr/components directory:

Running dapr run -f . in this Quickstart started both the subscriber and publisher applications.

`dapr.yaml` Multi-App Run template file

Running the Multi-App Run template file with dapr run -f . starts all applications in your project. In this Quickstart, the dapr.yaml file contains the following:

version: 1
common:
  resourcesPath: ../../components/
apps:
  - appID: order-processor
    appDirPath: ./order-processor/
    appPort: 5002
    command: ["npm", "run", "start"]
  - appID: checkout-sdk
    appDirPath: ./checkout/
    command: ["npm", "run", "start"]

`pubsub.yaml` component file

With the pubsub.yaml component, you can easily swap out underlying components without application code changes.

The Redis pubsub.yaml file included for this Quickstart contains the following:

apiVersion: dapr.io/v1alpha1
kind: Component
metadata:
  name: orderpubsub
spec:
  type: pubsub.redis
  version: v1
  metadata:
  - name: redisHost
    value: localhost:6379
  - name: redisPassword
    value: ""

In the component YAML file:

metadata/name is how your application talks to the component.
spec/metadata defines the connection to the instance of the component.
scopes specify which application can use the component.

`order-processor` subscriber

server.pubsub.subscribe("orderpubsub", "orders", (data) => console.log("Subscriber received: " + JSON.stringify(data)));

`checkout` publisher

In the checkout publisher service, you publish the orderId message to the Redis instance called orderpubsub (as defined in the pubsub.yaml component) and topic orders. As soon as the service starts, it publishes in a loop:

const client = new DaprClient();

await client.pubsub.publish(PUBSUB_NAME, PUBSUB_TOPIC, order);
console.log("Published data: " + JSON.stringify(order));

Step 1: Pre-requisites

For this example, you will need:

Dapr CLI and initialized environment.

Docker Desktop

.NET 6, .NET 8 or .NET 9 installed

NOTE: .NET 6 is the minimally supported version of .NET for the Dapr .NET SDK packages in this release. Only .NET 8 and .NET 9 will be supported in Dapr v1.16 and later releases.

Step 2: Set up the environment

Clone the sample provided in the Quickstarts repo.

git clone https://github.com/dapr/quickstarts.git

From the root of the Quickstarts directory, navigate into the pub/sub directory:

cd pub_sub/csharp/sdk

Install the dependencies for the order-processor and checkout apps:

cd ./order-processor
dotnet restore
dotnet build
cd ../checkout
dotnet restore
dotnet build
cd ..

Step 3: Run the publisher and subscriber

With the following command, simultaneously run the following services alongside their own Dapr sidecars:

The order-processor subscriber
The checkout publisher

dapr run -f .

Expected output

== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 1 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 1 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 2 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 2 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 3 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 3 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 4 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 4 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 5 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 5 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 6 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 6 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 7 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 7 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 8 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 8 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 9 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 9 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 10 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 10 }
Exited App successfully

What happened?

When you ran dapr init during Dapr install, the following YAML files were generated in the .dapr/components directory:

Running dapr run -f . in this Quickstart started both the subscriber and publisher applications.

`dapr.yaml` Multi-App Run template file

Running the Multi-App Run template file with dapr run -f . starts all applications in your project. In this Quickstart, the dapr.yaml file contains the following:

version: 1
common:
  resourcesPath: ../../components/
apps:
  - appID: order-processor
    appDirPath: ./order-processor/
    appPort: 7006
    command: ["dotnet", "run"]
  - appID: checkout-sdk
    appDirPath: ./checkout/
    command: ["dotnet", "run"]

`pubsub.yaml` component file

With the pubsub.yaml component, you can easily swap out underlying components without application code changes.

The Redis pubsub.yaml file included for this Quickstart contains the following:

apiVersion: dapr.io/v1alpha1
kind: Component
metadata:
  name: orderpubsub
spec:
  type: pubsub.redis
  version: v1
  metadata:
  - name: redisHost
    value: localhost:6379
  - name: redisPassword
    value: ""

In the component YAML file:

metadata/name is how your application talks to the component.
spec/metadata defines the connection to the instance of the component.
scopes specify which application can use the component.

`order-processor` subscriber

// Dapr subscription in [Topic] routes orders topic to this route
app.MapPost("/orders", [Topic("orderpubsub", "orders")] (Order order) => {
    Console.WriteLine("Subscriber received : " + order);
    return Results.Ok(order);
});

public record Order([property: JsonPropertyName("orderId")] int OrderId);

`checkout` publisher

using var client = new DaprClientBuilder().Build();
await client.PublishEventAsync("orderpubsub", "orders", order);
Console.WriteLine("Published data: " + order);

Step 1: Pre-requisites

For this example, you will need:

Dapr CLI and initialized environment.
Java JDK 17 (or greater):
- Oracle JDK, or
- OpenJDK
Apache Maven, version 3.x.

Docker Desktop

Step 2: Set up the environment

Clone the sample provided in the Quickstarts repo.

git clone https://github.com/dapr/quickstarts.git

From the root of the Quickstarts directory, navigate into the pub/sub directory:

cd pub_sub/java/sdk

Install the dependencies for the order-processor and checkout apps:

cd ./order-processor
mvn clean install
cd ..
cd ./checkout
mvn clean install
cd ..

Step 3: Run the publisher and subscriber

With the following command, simultaneously run the following services alongside their own Dapr sidecars:

The order-processor subscriber
The checkout publisher

dapr run -f .

Expected output

== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 1 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 1 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 2 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 2 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 3 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 3 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 4 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 4 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 5 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 5 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 6 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 6 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 7 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 7 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 8 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 8 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 9 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 9 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 10 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 10 }
Exited App successfully

What happened?

When you ran dapr init during Dapr install, the following YAML files were generated in the .dapr/components directory:

Running dapr run -f . in this Quickstart started both the subscriber and publisher applications.

`dapr.yaml` Multi-App Run template file

Running the Multi-App Run template file with dapr run -f . starts all applications in your project. In this Quickstart, the dapr.yaml file contains the following:

version: 1
common:
  resourcesPath: ../../components/
apps:
  - appID: order-processor-sdk
    appDirPath: ./order-processor/target/
    appPort: 8080
    command: ["java", "-jar", "OrderProcessingService-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar"]
  - appID: checkout-sdk
    appDirPath: ./checkout/target/
    command: ["java", "-jar", "CheckoutService-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar"]

`pubsub.yaml` component file

With the pubsub.yaml component, you can easily swap out underlying components without application code changes.

The Redis pubsub.yaml file included for this Quickstart contains the following:

apiVersion: dapr.io/v1alpha1
kind: Component
metadata:
  name: orderpubsub
spec:
  type: pubsub.redis
  version: v1
  metadata:
  - name: redisHost
    value: localhost:6379
  - name: redisPassword
    value: ""

In the component YAML file:

metadata/name is how your application talks to the component.
spec/metadata defines the connection to the instance of the component.
scopes specify which application can use the component.

`order-processor` subscriber

@Topic(name = "orders", pubsubName = "orderpubsub")
@PostMapping(path = "/orders", consumes = MediaType.ALL_VALUE)
public Mono<ResponseEntity> getCheckout(@RequestBody(required = false) CloudEvent<Order> cloudEvent) {
    return Mono.fromSupplier(() -> {
        try {
            logger.info("Subscriber received: " + cloudEvent.getData().getOrderId());
            return ResponseEntity.ok("SUCCESS");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    });
}

`checkout` publisher

DaprClient client = new DaprClientBuilder().build();
client.publishEvent(
		PUBSUB_NAME,
		TOPIC_NAME,
		order).block();
logger.info("Published data: " + order.getOrderId());

Step 1: Pre-requisites

For this example, you will need:

Docker Desktop

Step 2: Set up the environment

Clone the sample provided in the Quickstarts repo.

git clone https://github.com/dapr/quickstarts.git

From the root of the Quickstarts directory, navigate into the pub/sub directory:

cd pub_sub/go/sdk

Install the dependencies for the order-processor and checkout apps:

cd ./order-processor
go build .
cd ../checkout
go build .
cd ..

Step 3: Run the publisher and subscriber

With the following command, simultaneously run the following services alongside their own Dapr sidecars:

The order-processor subscriber
The checkout publisher

dapr run -f .

Expected output

== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 1 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 1 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 2 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 2 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 3 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 3 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 4 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 4 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 5 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 5 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 6 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 6 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 7 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 7 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 8 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 8 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 9 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 9 }
== APP - checkout-sdk == Published data: Order { OrderId = 10 }
== APP - order-processor == Subscriber received : Order { OrderId = 10 }
Exited App successfully

What happened?

When you ran dapr init during Dapr install, the following YAML files were generated in the .dapr/components directory:

Running dapr run -f . in this Quickstart started both the subscriber and publisher applications.

`dapr.yaml` Multi-App Run template file

Running the Multi-App Run template file with dapr run -f . starts all applications in your project. In this Quickstart, the dapr.yaml file contains the following:

version: 1
common:
  resourcesPath: ../../components/
apps:
  - appID: order-processor
    appDirPath: ./order-processor/
    appPort: 6005
    command: ["go", "run", "."]
  - appID: checkout-sdk
    appDirPath: ./checkout/
    command: ["go", "run", "."]

`pubsub.yaml` component file

With the pubsub.yaml component, you can easily swap out underlying components without application code changes.

The Redis pubsub.yaml file included for this Quickstart contains the following:

apiVersion: dapr.io/v1alpha1
kind: Component
metadata:
  name: orderpubsub
spec:
  type: pubsub.redis
  version: v1
  metadata:
  - name: redisHost
    value: localhost:6379
  - name: redisPassword
    value: ""

In the component YAML file:

metadata/name is how your application talks to the component.
spec/metadata defines the connection to the instance of the component.
scopes specify which application can use the component.

`order-processor` subscriber

func eventHandler(ctx context.Context, e *common.TopicEvent) (retry bool, err error) {
	fmt.Println("Subscriber received: ", e.Data)
	return false, nil
}

`checkout` publisher

client, err := dapr.NewClient()

if err := client.PublishEvent(ctx, PUBSUB_NAME, PUBSUB_TOPIC, []byte(order)); err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

fmt.Println("Published data: ", order)

Run one application at a time

Select your preferred language-specific Dapr SDK before proceeding with the Quickstart.

Step 1: Pre-requisites

For this example, you will need:

Docker Desktop

Step 2: Set up the environment

Clone the sample provided in the Quickstarts repo.

git clone https://github.com/dapr/quickstarts.git

In a terminal window, from the root of the Quickstarts clone directory navigate to the order-processor directory.

cd pub_sub/python/sdk/order-processor

Install the dependencies:

pip3 install -r requirements.txt

Run the order-processor subscriber service alongside a Dapr sidecar.

dapr run --app-id order-processor --resources-path ../../../components/ --app-port 6002 -- python3 app.py

Note: Since Python3.exe is not defined in Windows, you may need to use python app.py instead of python3 app.py.

In the order-processor subscriber, we’re subscribing to the Redis instance called orderpubsub (as defined in the pubsub.yaml component) and topic orders. This enables your app code to talk to the Redis component instance through the Dapr sidecar.

# Register Dapr pub/sub subscriptions
@app.route('/dapr/subscribe', methods=['GET'])
def subscribe():
    subscriptions = [{
        'pubsubname': 'orderpubsub',
        'topic': 'orders',
        'route': 'orders'
    }]
    print('Dapr pub/sub is subscribed to: ' + json.dumps(subscriptions))
    return jsonify(subscriptions)


# Dapr subscription in /dapr/subscribe sets up this route
@app.route('/orders', methods=['POST'])
def orders_subscriber():
    event = from_http(request.headers, request.get_data())
    print('Subscriber received : ' + event.data['orderid'], flush=True)
    return json.dumps({'success': True}), 200, {
        'ContentType': 'application/json'}


app.run(port=5001)

Step 4: Publish a topic

In a new terminal window, navigate to the checkout directory.

cd pub_sub/python/sdk/checkout

Install the dependencies:

pip3 install -r requirements.txt

Run the checkout publisher service alongside a Dapr sidecar.

dapr run --app-id checkout --resources-path ../../../components/ -- python3 app.py

Note: Since Python3.exe is not defined in Windows, you may need to use python app.py instead of python3 app.py.

In the checkout publisher, we’re publishing the orderId message to the Redis instance called orderpubsub (as defined in the pubsub.yaml component) and topic orders. As soon as the service starts, it publishes in a loop:

with DaprClient() as client:
    # Publish an event/message using Dapr PubSub
    result = client.publish_event(
        pubsub_name='orderpubsub',
        topic_name='orders',
        data=json.dumps(order),
        data_content_type='application/json',
    )

Step 5: View the Pub/sub outputs

The publisher sends orders to the Dapr sidecar while the subscriber receives them.

Publisher output:

== APP == INFO:root:Published data: {"orderId": 1}
== APP == INFO:root:Published data: {"orderId": 2}
== APP == INFO:root:Published data: {"orderId": 3}
== APP == INFO:root:Published data: {"orderId": 4}
== APP == INFO:root:Published data: {"orderId": 5}
== APP == INFO:root:Published data: {"orderId": 6}
== APP == INFO:root:Published data: {"orderId": 7}
== APP == INFO:root:Published data: {"orderId": 8}
== APP == INFO:root:Published data: {"orderId": 9}
== APP == INFO:root:Published data: {"orderId": 10}

Subscriber output:

== APP == INFO:root:Subscriber received: {"orderId": 1}
== APP == INFO:root:Subscriber received: {"orderId": 2}
== APP == INFO:root:Subscriber received: {"orderId": 3}
== APP == INFO:root:Subscriber received: {"orderId": 4}
== APP == INFO:root:Subscriber received: {"orderId": 5}
== APP == INFO:root:Subscriber received: {"orderId": 6}
== APP == INFO:root:Subscriber received: {"orderId": 7}
== APP == INFO:root:Subscriber received: {"orderId": 8}
== APP == INFO:root:Subscriber received: {"orderId": 9}
== APP == INFO:root:Subscriber received: {"orderId": 10}

`pubsub.yaml` component file

When you run dapr init, Dapr creates a default Redis pubsub.yaml and runs a Redis container on your local machine, located:

On Windows, under %UserProfile%\.dapr\components\pubsub.yaml
On Linux/MacOS, under ~/.dapr/components/pubsub.yaml

With the pubsub.yaml component, you can easily swap out underlying components without application code changes.

The Redis pubsub.yaml file included for this Quickstart contains the following:

apiVersion: dapr.io/v1alpha1
kind: Component
metadata:
  name: orderpubsub
spec:
  type: pubsub.redis
  version: v1
  metadata:
  - name: redisHost
    value: localhost:6379
  - name: redisPassword
    value: ""

In the YAML file:

metadata/name is how your application talks to the component.
spec/metadata defines the connection to the instance of the component.
scopes specify which application can use the component.

Step 1: Pre-requisites

For this example, you will need:

Docker Desktop

Step 2: Set up the environment

Clone the sample provided in the Quickstarts repo.

git clone https://github.com/dapr/quickstarts.git

In a terminal window, from the root of the Quickstarts clone directory navigate to the order-processor directory.

cd pub_sub/javascript/sdk/order-processor

Install dependencies, which will include the @dapr/dapr package from the JavaScript SDK:

npm install

Verify you have the following files included in the service directory:

package.json
package-lock.json

Run the order-processor subscriber service alongside a Dapr sidecar.

dapr run --app-port 5002 --app-id order-processing --app-protocol http --dapr-http-port 3501 --resources-path ../../../components -- npm run start

server.pubsub.subscribe("orderpubsub", "orders", (data) => console.log("Subscriber received: " + JSON.stringify(data)));

Step 4: Publish a topic

In a new terminal window, from the root of the Quickstarts clone directory, navigate to the checkout directory.

cd pub_sub/javascript/sdk/checkout

Install dependencies, which will include the @dapr/dapr package from the JavaScript SDK:

npm install

Verify you have the following files included in the service directory:

package.json
package-lock.json

Run the checkout publisher service alongside a Dapr sidecar.

dapr run --app-id checkout --app-protocol http --dapr-http-port 3500 --resources-path ../../../components -- npm run start

In the checkout publisher service, we’re publishing the orderId message to the Redis instance called orderpubsub (as defined in the pubsub.yaml component) and topic orders. As soon as the service starts, it publishes in a loop:

const client = new DaprClient();

await client.pubsub.publish(PUBSUB_NAME, PUBSUB_TOPIC, order);
console.log("Published data: " + JSON.stringify(order));

Step 5: View the Pub/sub outputs

Notice, as specified in the code above, the publisher pushes a random number to the Dapr sidecar while the subscriber receives it.

Publisher output:

== APP == Published data: {"orderId":1}
== APP == Published data: {"orderId":2}
== APP == Published data: {"orderId":3}
== APP == Published data: {"orderId":4}
== APP == Published data: {"orderId":5}
== APP == Published data: {"orderId":6}
== APP == Published data: {"orderId":7}
== APP == Published data: {"orderId":8}
== APP == Published data: {"orderId":9}
== APP == Published data: {"orderId":10}

Subscriber output:

== APP == Subscriber received: {"orderId":1}
== APP == Subscriber received: {"orderId":2}
== APP == Subscriber received: {"orderId":3}
== APP == Subscriber received: {"orderId":4}
== APP == Subscriber received: {"orderId":5}
== APP == Subscriber received: {"orderId":6}
== APP == Subscriber received: {"orderId":7}
== APP == Subscriber received: {"orderId":8}
== APP == Subscriber received: {"orderId":9}
== APP == Subscriber received: {"orderId":10}

`pubsub.yaml` component file

When you run dapr init, Dapr creates a default Redis pubsub.yaml and runs a Redis container on your local machine, located:

On Windows, under %UserProfile%\.dapr\components\pubsub.yaml
On Linux/MacOS, under ~/.dapr/components/pubsub.yaml

With the pubsub.yaml component, you can easily swap out underlying components without application code changes.

The Redis pubsub.yaml file included for this Quickstart contains the following:

apiVersion: dapr.io/v1alpha1
kind: Component
metadata:
  name: orderpubsub
spec:
  type: pubsub.redis
  version: v1
  metadata:
  - name: redisHost
    value: localhost:6379
  - name: redisPassword
    value: ""

In the YAML file:

metadata/name is how your application talks to the component.
spec/metadata defines the connection to the instance of the component.
scopes specify which application can use the component.

Step 1: Pre-requisites

For this example, you will need:

Docker Desktop

Step 2: Set up the environment

Clone the sample provided in the Quickstarts repo.

git clone https://github.com/dapr/quickstarts.git

In a terminal window, from the root of the Quickstarts clone directory navigate to the order-processor directory.

cd pub_sub/csharp/sdk/order-processor

Recall NuGet packages:

dotnet restore
dotnet build

Run the order-processor subscriber service alongside a Dapr sidecar.

dapr run --app-id order-processor --resources-path ../../../components --app-port 7006 -- dotnet run

// Dapr subscription in [Topic] routes orders topic to this route
app.MapPost("/orders", [Topic("orderpubsub", "orders")] (Order order) => {
    Console.WriteLine("Subscriber received : " + order);
    return Results.Ok(order);
});

public record Order([property: JsonPropertyName("orderId")] int OrderId);

Step 4: Publish a topic

In a new terminal window, from the root of the Quickstarts clone directory, navigate to the checkout directory.

cd pub_sub/csharp/sdk/checkout

Recall NuGet packages:

dotnet restore
dotnet build

Run the checkout publisher service alongside a Dapr sidecar.

dapr run --app-id checkout --resources-path ../../../components -- dotnet run

using var client = new DaprClientBuilder().Build();
await client.PublishEventAsync("orderpubsub", "orders", order);
Console.WriteLine("Published data: " + order);

Step 5: View the Pub/sub outputs

Notice, as specified in the code above, the publisher pushes a random number to the Dapr sidecar while the subscriber receives it.

Publisher output:

== APP == Published data: Order { OrderId = 1 }
== APP == Published data: Order { OrderId = 2 }
== APP == Published data: Order { OrderId = 3 }
== APP == Published data: Order { OrderId = 4 }
== APP == Published data: Order { OrderId = 5 }
== APP == Published data: Order { OrderId = 6 }
== APP == Published data: Order { OrderId = 7 }
== APP == Published data: Order { OrderId = 8 }
== APP == Published data: Order { OrderId = 9 }
== APP == Published data: Order { OrderId = 10 }

Subscriber output:

== APP == Subscriber received: Order { OrderId = 1 }
== APP == Subscriber received: Order { OrderId = 2 }
== APP == Subscriber received: Order { OrderId = 3 }
== APP == Subscriber received: Order { OrderId = 4 }
== APP == Subscriber received: Order { OrderId = 5 }
== APP == Subscriber received: Order { OrderId = 6 }
== APP == Subscriber received: Order { OrderId = 7 }
== APP == Subscriber received: Order { OrderId = 8 }
== APP == Subscriber received: Order { OrderId = 9 }
== APP == Subscriber received: Order { OrderId = 10 }

`pubsub.yaml` component file

When you run dapr init, Dapr creates a default Redis pubsub.yaml and runs a Redis container on your local machine, located:

On Windows, under %UserProfile%\.dapr\components\pubsub.yaml
On Linux/MacOS, under ~/.dapr/components/pubsub.yaml

With the pubsub.yaml component, you can easily swap out underlying components without application code changes.

The Redis pubsub.yaml file included for this Quickstart contains the following:

apiVersion: dapr.io/v1alpha1
kind: Component
metadata:
  name: orderpubsub
spec:
  type: pubsub.redis
  version: v1
  metadata:
  - name: redisHost
    value: localhost:6379
  - name: redisPassword
    value: ""

In the YAML file:

metadata/name is how your application talks to the component.
spec/metadata defines the connection to the instance of the component.
scopes specify which application can use the component.

Step 1: Pre-requisites

For this example, you will need:

Dapr CLI and initialized environment.
Java JDK 17 (or greater):
- Oracle JDK, or
- OpenJDK
Apache Maven, version 3.x.

Docker Desktop

Step 2: Set up the environment

Clone the sample provided in the Quickstarts repo.

git clone https://github.com/dapr/quickstarts.git

In a terminal window, from the root of the Quickstarts clone directory navigate to the order-processor directory.

cd pub_sub/java/sdk/order-processor

Install the dependencies:

mvn clean install

Run the order-processor subscriber service alongside a Dapr sidecar.

dapr run --app-port 8080 --app-id order-processor --resources-path ../../../components -- java -jar target/OrderProcessingService-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

@Topic(name = "orders", pubsubName = "orderpubsub")
@PostMapping(path = "/orders", consumes = MediaType.ALL_VALUE)
public Mono<ResponseEntity> getCheckout(@RequestBody(required = false) CloudEvent<Order> cloudEvent) {
    return Mono.fromSupplier(() -> {
        try {
            logger.info("Subscriber received: " + cloudEvent.getData().getOrderId());
            return ResponseEntity.ok("SUCCESS");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    });
}

Step 4: Publish a topic

In a new terminal window, from the root of the Quickstarts clone directory, navigate to the checkout directory.

cd pub_sub/java/sdk/checkout

Install the dependencies:

mvn clean install

Run the checkout publisher service alongside a Dapr sidecar.

dapr run --app-id checkout --resources-path ../../../components -- java -jar target/CheckoutService-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

DaprClient client = new DaprClientBuilder().build();
client.publishEvent(
		PUBSUB_NAME,
		TOPIC_NAME,
		order).block();
logger.info("Published data: " + order.getOrderId());

Step 5: View the Pub/sub outputs

Notice, as specified in the code above, the publisher pushes a random number to the Dapr sidecar while the subscriber receives it.

Publisher output:

== APP == 7194 [main] INFO com.service.CheckoutServiceApplication - Published data: 1
== APP == 12213 [main] INFO com.service.CheckoutServiceApplication - Published data: 2
== APP == 17233 [main] INFO com.service.CheckoutServiceApplication - Published data: 3
== APP == 22252 [main] INFO com.service.CheckoutServiceApplication - Published data: 4
== APP == 27276 [main] INFO com.service.CheckoutServiceApplication - Published data: 5
== APP == 32320 [main] INFO com.service.CheckoutServiceApplication - Published data: 6
== APP == 37340 [main] INFO com.service.CheckoutServiceApplication - Published data: 7
== APP == 42356 [main] INFO com.service.CheckoutServiceApplication - Published data: 8
== APP == 47386 [main] INFO com.service.CheckoutServiceApplication - Published data: 9
== APP == 52410 [main] INFO com.service.CheckoutServiceApplication - Published data: 10

Subscriber output:

== APP == 2022-03-07 13:31:19.551  INFO 43512 --- [nio-8080-exec-5] c.s.c.OrderProcessingServiceController   : Subscriber received: 1
== APP == 2022-03-07 13:31:19.552  INFO 43512 --- [nio-8080-exec-9] c.s.c.OrderProcessingServiceController   : Subscriber received: 2
== APP == 2022-03-07 13:31:19.551  INFO 43512 --- [nio-8080-exec-6] c.s.c.OrderProcessingServiceController   : Subscriber received: 3
== APP == 2022-03-07 13:31:19.552  INFO 43512 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.s.c.OrderProcessingServiceController   : Subscriber received: 4
== APP == 2022-03-07 13:31:19.553  INFO 43512 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.s.c.OrderProcessingServiceController   : Subscriber received: 5
== APP == 2022-03-07 13:31:19.553  INFO 43512 --- [nio-8080-exec-9] c.s.c.OrderProcessingServiceController   : Subscriber received: 6
== APP == 2022-03-07 13:31:22.849  INFO 43512 --- [nio-8080-exec-3] c.s.c.OrderProcessingServiceController   : Subscriber received: 7
== APP == 2022-03-07 13:31:27.866  INFO 43512 --- [nio-8080-exec-6] c.s.c.OrderProcessingServiceController   : Subscriber received: 8
== APP == 2022-03-07 13:31:32.895  INFO 43512 --- [nio-8080-exec-6] c.s.c.OrderProcessingServiceController   : Subscriber received: 9
== APP == 2022-03-07 13:31:37.919  INFO 43512 --- [nio-8080-exec-2] c.s.c.OrderProcessingServiceController   : Subscriber received: 10

`pubsub.yaml` component file

When you run dapr init, Dapr creates a default Redis pubsub.yaml and runs a Redis container on your local machine, located:

On Windows, under %UserProfile%\.dapr\components\pubsub.yaml
On Linux/MacOS, under ~/.dapr/components/pubsub.yaml

With the pubsub.yaml component, you can easily swap out underlying components without application code changes.

The Redis pubsub.yaml file included for this Quickstart contains the following:

apiVersion: dapr.io/v1alpha1
kind: Component
metadata:
  name: orderpubsub
spec:
  type: pubsub.redis
  version: v1
  metadata:
  - name: redisHost
    value: localhost:6379
  - name: redisPassword
    value: ""
scopes:
  - orderprocessing
  - checkout

In the YAML file:

metadata/name is how your application talks to the component.
spec/metadata defines the connection to the instance of the component.
scopes specify which application can use the component.

Step 1: Pre-requisites

For this example, you will need:

Docker Desktop

Step 2: Set up the environment

Clone the sample provided in the Quickstarts repo.

git clone https://github.com/dapr/quickstarts.git

In a terminal window, from the root of the Quickstarts clone directory navigate to the order-processor directory.

cd pub_sub/go/sdk/order-processor

Install the dependencies and build the application:

go build .

Run the order-processor subscriber service alongside a Dapr sidecar.

dapr run --app-port 6005 --app-id order-processor-sdk --app-protocol http --dapr-http-port 3501 --resources-path ../../../components -- go run .

func eventHandler(ctx context.Context, e *common.TopicEvent) (retry bool, err error) {
	fmt.Println("Subscriber received: ", e.Data)
	return false, nil
}

Step 4: Publish a topic

In a new terminal window, from the root of the Quickstarts clone directory, navigate to the checkout directory.

cd pub_sub/go/sdk/checkout

Install the dependencies and build the application:

go build .

Run the checkout publisher service alongside a Dapr sidecar.

dapr run --app-id checkout --app-protocol http --dapr-http-port 3500 --resources-path ../../../components -- go run .

client, err := dapr.NewClient()

if err := client.PublishEvent(ctx, PUBSUB_NAME, PUBSUB_TOPIC, []byte(order)); err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

fmt.Println("Published data: ", order)

Step 5: View the Pub/sub outputs

Notice, as specified in the code above, the publisher pushes a numbered message to the Dapr sidecar while the subscriber receives it.

Publisher output:

== APP == dapr client initializing for: 127.0.0.1:63293
== APP == Published data:  {"orderId":1}
== APP == Published data:  {"orderId":2}
== APP == Published data:  {"orderId":3}
== APP == Published data:  {"orderId":4}
== APP == Published data:  {"orderId":5}
== APP == Published data:  {"orderId":6}
== APP == Published data:  {"orderId":7}
== APP == Published data:  {"orderId":8}
== APP == Published data:  {"orderId":9}
== APP == Published data:  {"orderId":10}

Subscriber output:

== APP == Subscriber received:  {"orderId":1}
== APP == Subscriber received:  {"orderId":2}
== APP == Subscriber received:  {"orderId":3}
== APP == Subscriber received:  {"orderId":4}
== APP == Subscriber received:  {"orderId":5}
== APP == Subscriber received:  {"orderId":6}
== APP == Subscriber received:  {"orderId":7}
== APP == Subscriber received:  {"orderId":8}
== APP == Subscriber received:  {"orderId":9}
== APP == Subscriber received:  {"orderId":10}

Note: the order in which they are received may vary.

`pubsub.yaml` component file

When you run dapr init, Dapr creates a default Redis pubsub.yaml and runs a Redis container on your local machine, located:

On Windows, under %UserProfile%\.dapr\components\pubsub.yaml
On Linux/MacOS, under ~/.dapr/components/pubsub.yaml

With the pubsub.yaml component, you can easily swap out underlying components without application code changes.

The Redis pubsub.yaml file included for this Quickstart contains the following:

apiVersion: dapr.io/v1alpha1
kind: Component
metadata:
  name: orderpubsub
spec:
  type: pubsub.redis
  version: v1
  metadata:
  - name: redisHost
    value: localhost:6379
  - name: redisPassword
    value: ""
scopes:
  - orderprocessing
  - checkout

In the YAML file:

metadata/name is how your application talks to the component.
spec/metadata defines the connection to the instance of the component.
scopes specify which application can use the component.

Tell us what you think!

We’re continuously working to improve our Quickstart examples and value your feedback. Did you find this Quickstart helpful? Do you have suggestions for improvement?

Join the discussion in our discord channel.

Next steps

Set up Pub/sub using HTTP instead of an SDK.
Learn more about Pub/sub as a Dapr building block

Explore Dapr tutorials >>

Last modified July 18, 2025: Upgrade hugo docsy into 1.16 (#4733) (b2fdd345)

Quickstart: Publish and Subscribe

Run using Multi-App Run

Step 1: Pre-requisites

Step 2: Set up the environment

Step 3: Run the publisher and subscriber

What happened?

dapr.yaml Multi-App Run template file

pubsub.yaml component file

order-processor subscriber

checkout publisher

Step 1: Pre-requisites

Step 2: Set up the environment

Step 3: Run the publisher and subscriber

What happened?

dapr.yaml Multi-App Run template file

pubsub.yaml component file

order-processor subscriber

checkout publisher

Step 1: Pre-requisites

Step 2: Set up the environment

Step 3: Run the publisher and subscriber

What happened?

dapr.yaml Multi-App Run template file

pubsub.yaml component file

order-processor subscriber

checkout publisher

Step 1: Pre-requisites

Step 2: Set up the environment

Step 3: Run the publisher and subscriber

What happened?

dapr.yaml Multi-App Run template file

pubsub.yaml component file

order-processor subscriber

checkout publisher

Step 1: Pre-requisites

Step 2: Set up the environment

Step 3: Run the publisher and subscriber

What happened?

dapr.yaml Multi-App Run template file

pubsub.yaml component file

order-processor subscriber

checkout publisher

Run one application at a time

Step 1: Pre-requisites

Step 2: Set up the environment

Step 3: Subscribe to topics

Step 4: Publish a topic

Step 5: View the Pub/sub outputs

pubsub.yaml component file

Step 1: Pre-requisites

Step 2: Set up the environment

Step 3: Subscribe to topics

Step 4: Publish a topic

Step 5: View the Pub/sub outputs

pubsub.yaml component file

Step 1: Pre-requisites

Step 2: Set up the environment

Step 3: Subscribe to topics

Step 4: Publish a topic

Step 5: View the Pub/sub outputs

pubsub.yaml component file

Step 1: Pre-requisites

Step 2: Set up the environment

Step 3: Subscribe to topics

Step 4: Publish a topic

Step 5: View the Pub/sub outputs

pubsub.yaml component file

Step 1: Pre-requisites

Step 2: Set up the environment

Step 3: Subscribe to topics

Step 4: Publish a topic

Step 5: View the Pub/sub outputs

pubsub.yaml component file

Tell us what you think!

Next steps

`dapr.yaml` Multi-App Run template file

`pubsub.yaml` component file

`order-processor` subscriber

`checkout` publisher

`dapr.yaml` Multi-App Run template file

`pubsub.yaml` component file

`order-processor` subscriber

`checkout` publisher

`dapr.yaml` Multi-App Run template file

`pubsub.yaml` component file

`order-processor` subscriber

`checkout` publisher

`dapr.yaml` Multi-App Run template file

`pubsub.yaml` component file

`order-processor` subscriber

`checkout` publisher

`dapr.yaml` Multi-App Run template file

`pubsub.yaml` component file

`order-processor` subscriber

`checkout` publisher

`pubsub.yaml` component file

`pubsub.yaml` component file

`pubsub.yaml` component file

`pubsub.yaml` component file

`pubsub.yaml` component file